The aggregates used for moulding the blocks were also collected and their particle sizes analysed. At the end it has been established that the strength of 9 inches block is stronger than that of 6 inches. The poverty level amongst west african countries and particularly nigerian. Compressive strength and costs of sandcrete blocks and blocks. The aim of the paper is to appraise the quality control practices of block producers in yewa south area of ogun state, nigeria with a view to proffering solution to the production of poor quality blocks in the area. Compressive strength and costs of sandcrete blocks and. U nwoji department of civil engineering, university of nigeria, nsukka corresponding author.
A wide variety of sandcrete block making machine options are available to you, such as type, processing, and brick raw material. Some engineering properties of sandcrete blocks containing. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in to the production of sandcrete blocks. The data of this article examined compliance level to minimum standard requirements among sandcrete block manufacturers in south western nigeria. The load carrying capacity of hollow sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete blocks, cement, coarse aggregates, compressive strength. Assessment of the quality of sandcrete blocks in use in. Historical data of past collapsed buildings in nigeria were also discussed. Sandcrete blocks are constructional masonry units that have been generally accepted to the extent that when an average individual thinks of building, the default mindset is the use of sandcrete hollow blocks.
Sandcrete blocks are made in three sizes in nigeria. Economic block, laterized brick, laterized sandcrete block, lateritic soil. Also the area of application of both the sandcrete and concrete blocks are stated in chapter two of this report. The results show that the compressive strength ranges from. Reference 2 agrees that quality and standardization of sandcrete blocks are of paramount. Sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria. Costs of alternative methods of acquiring sandcrete blocks. Finally, metallic flat base was used to further compact the mold mixture up to 4 times.
Enhancing the strength of sandcrete blocks using coarse aggregates. Varied interlocking blocks developed for use include sparlock system, meccano system, sparfil system, haener system, and the solid interlocking blocks sib or hydraform blocks, which are an improvement over the traditional adobe bricks or unfired laterite blocks that were prevalent in the 20 th century in some african. Wenapereand ephraim 2009 found that the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks increased with age of curing for all mixes tested at the watercement ratio of 0. Comparing compressive strength of sandcrete blocks made with. This has necessitated producers of sandcrete blocks to produce blocks with low opc content that will be affordable to people and with much gain. Bs 6073 16 specified that sandcrete blocks of thickness 75 mm or greater should have aver age crushing strength for ten blocks of no less than 2. If you want to build a residential or commercial house, you had better mould your own blocks rather than buy from moulders. Oyetola and abdulahi 2006 added that cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in the production of sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete blocks form the major walling material in the construction of building structures. The study recommends a reduction in the cementsand and cementclay mix.
This hollow concrete block have open or closed cavity and can be used in the construction of loadbearing and nonload bearing partition walls. And also that the strongness and weakness of a building depends solidly on the methods employed in moulding the bricks which are used in laying the foundation of a. A wide variety of sandcrete block making machine options are available to you, such as hollow block making machine, interlock block making machine, and paving block making machine. Cost optimization of sandcrete blocks through partial. Apr 14, 2009 this paper is laboratory testfocused, and reports the results of investigation of the strength and density of sandcrete blocks based on a 1. Research activities in different countries have shown that the compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks are always far below the recommended values in the codes. Sandcrete blocks have been manufactured manually and mechanically to meet the need of building due to the discovery of cement. Building with sandcrete blocks, it is cheaper both in terms of material and labour.
A mathematical model for prediction of the strength of sancrete cement block application of henry scheffes and osadebes concrete optimisation theory abstract. Although hollow blocks of all the three sizes could be made using the same machinery. Hence, as a result of the high cost of procuring the rice husk required for producing large number of blocks needed for an averagesize building, and in the light of the reducing agricultural activities in nigeria, replacing cement with such high volume of rha could be economically counterproductive for local sandcrete block manufacturers. Part 2 and shall have a minimum compressive strength of 5 nmm2 unless otherwise stated. Compressive strength of manual and machine compacted. Every necessary procedures and cautions for good masonry wall units were ensured with 25 strokes of blow for sound compaction. Data of bulk density of sandcrete blocks 225 mm and 150 mm are shown in fig. Compressive strength of sandcrete blocks in bosso and. Available evidence shows that the quality of sandcrete blocks produced differs from one block manufacturing industry to the other.
Sandcrete blocks are produced in two major forms as lightweight and dense blocks. This makes sandcrete blocks a very important material in building construction. Sandcrete blocks are widely used as walling units in nigeria. University of nigeria research publications name obodoh, dominic anosike pgm. The blocks were cured and crushed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Thirty two 32 samples were moulded from the two brands of cement i. This paper investigates the strength characteristics of sandcrete blocks in yola 8 0 3647 n 12 0 1914 e metropolis. Calcium silicate blocks shall comply with bs en 771. Two hundred and seventyone sandcrete block models from four mixed proportions, namely 1. Findings from the socalled readymade hollow sandcrete blocks sold by some. There was decrease in the density as the curing age increases, and the values for mix ratio 1. The poverty level amongst west african countries and particularly nigerian has made these blocks.
Proper curing and suitable selection of constituent materials was suggested to improve on the quality of sandcrete blocks. Six number sandcrete blocks were cast for each replacement levels 0, 10,20,30,40, and 50 percentage with gsa. May 29, 2017 sandcrete manufacture could be for solid blocks, hollow blocks. The blocks also had high coefficient of variation that indicate very poor quality control in the production processes. The sand and cement mixture is in the proportion of 6. Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry units. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer. Strength properties of commercially produces sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete block is produced from intermixing of sand, cement and water, and the result paste moulded into various sizes of 125mm x 225mm x 450mm, 150mm x 225mm x 450mm. Characterization of the compressive strength of sandcrete. Lightweight blocks are made with either lightweight aggregates or aerated concrete. It was named portland cement because it looked like the. Materials and methods constituent materials used in the production of samples of sandcrete blocks tested in the laboratory are.
Sandcrete manufacture could be for solid blocks, hollow blocks. Abstract 100mm and 125mm solid blocks are extensively used for building construction at idiroko area of ogun state in nigeria and environ with no record of known available data. Comparative study of cement stabilized clay brick and. Pdf sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria. Truly speaking, i dont like bricks because when water leaks through bricks, they get whitish and look ugly. Sandcrete blocks are prismatic units manufactured from lean sandcement mortar mixes and are the predominant walling materials used in buildings in nigeria and other countries.
This item is already covered in unified sor 2010 item no. The results showed that the 28day compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks produced in calabar block industry range between 0. Blocks shall be of work size 190 mm high, 390 mm long and 290 mm190 mm140 mm 90 mm thick, and shall be solid unless detailed otherwise. This project has a report comprise the effectiveness and obstruct of both concrete and sandcrete blocks. Many firms in the business of manufacturing sandcrete blocks in ikorodu and its environs use sand from various sources in the production of these blocks. Sandcrete blocks are available for the construction of load bearing and nonload bearing structures hodge, 1971. Where hollow block work is specified for work above dampproof course level, the blocks. Experimental datasets on compliance level to minimum. Sandcrete blocks and bricks are masonry units manufactured from a mixture of cement, sand.
It is widely used all over the world, including ghana, and so on. Download this pdf file canadian center of science and education. Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. Sandcrete is a yellowwhite building material made from a binder typically portland cement, sand in a ratio of circa 1. This paper is laboratory testfocused, and reports the results of investigation of the strength and density of sandcrete blocks based on a 1.
Pdf compressive strength of sandcrete blocks orjinta victor. Full length research paper a study of the preference level. In nigeria, sandcrete blocks is widely used in the construction of walls over other types of walling units such as bricks, concrete, stone, timber, or metal. Sandcrete blocks, compressive strength, aggregates, sieve analysis, grading, curing, materials.
As a result of the increasing cost of block production, many manufacturers. Groundnut shell ash as a partial replacement of cement in. Furthermore, the method, and steps employed in moulding a block is also emphasized. Sandcrete blocks are composite material made up of cement, sand and water, mould into different sizes barry 1969. Sandcrete blocks comprise of natural sand, water and binder. Cement concrete hollow blocks are usually of the following three dimensions.
Mar 03, 2015 sandcrete blocks are widely used in nigeria as walling units and over 90% of houses in nigeria are being constructed of sandcrete blocks. Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. The effectiveness and obstructs of sandcrete and concrete block in a foundation system abstract it is a clear fact that bricks play a vital role in a foundation system of a building. Compressive strength of sandcrete blocks in bosso and shiroro. Study of compressive strength characteristics of hollow. The strength at ages 7, 14, and 21 days were 43%, 75%, and 92% of the 28day strength respectively. Among the objectives of this nis document are to ensure. The use of rice husk ash in low cost sandcrete block. The standard organization of nigeria son developed a reference document which prescribed the compressive strength and water absorption. The load carrying capacity of hollow sandcrete blocks j. An appraisal of the quality control practices in sandcrete. This work reports the compressive strengths and the statistical characteristics of sandcrete blocks collected from twenty five 25 different block industries in ondo state, nigeria.
Pdf this study investigated the effect of raffia palm fibres on the compressive strength of solid sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete is similar but weaker than mortar, for which the ratio is circa 1. Theoretical framework quality is defined as fitness for purpose or compliance with specification anosike, 2011, taylor, 2002 the totality of features required by a product or service to. On this post, im going to explain the concept of cement block manufacture and i hope youre going to learn a lot from it. Optimum compressive strength of hardened sandcrete. The quality of blocks produced however, differs from each industry due to the different methods employed in the production and the properties. Sandcrete blocks are constructional masonry units that have been generally accepted to the extent that when an average individual thinks of building, the default mindset is the use of. Specifications for moulding sandcrete blocks stipulate that the block is generally to be made in accordance with bs 2028. A study on the durability of solid sandcrete blocks samuel sunday omopariola department of works and services, the federal polytechnic, ilaro, nigeria. The production of sandcrete blocks using groundnut shell ash gsa as cement replacement was investigated.
Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in to the production of sandcrete blocks 1. Sandcrete blocks consist of ordinary portland cement opc and natural clean sand mixed with water in very carefully selected proportions. Pdf physical characteristics and compressive strength of raffia.